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Abuhussain, M (2020) An assessment of the Saudi Residential Buildings Envelope Code under the current and future climate change scenarios: the case for Jeddah in the hot and humid climate region, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Akade, S A (2017) Understanding the impact of culture on project execution in a developing country: an action research study of six international oil and gas companies in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Akinnola, P (2021) Improving project performance on construction projects through stakeholder management-an action research inquiry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aksenova, G (2020) The dark side of ecosystem orchestration: an empirical investigation of building information management in the digital built environment sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al Hawsah, M O (2020) The impact of project sponsors' decisions on the success of projects: An action research study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Ashaikh, M H (1996) Project management in the public sector of Saudi Arabia, problems and solutions, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Gathafi, M M (2005) Riskness of time and cost overruns and the effectiveness of risk response measure strategies in the Libyan construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Al-Hachami, Z (2020) Decision making in the oil and gas construction project management: structured VS discretionary, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Al-Omari, T (2004) Stochastic regression modelling of cost and duration overrun of construction projects implemented in Kuwait, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Alattyih, W (2015) Value creation and risk assessment for green building design in Saudi Arabia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Aljarman, M (2016) Emerging risk from the application of building information modelling through the life cycle of projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzaed, A (2012) User centered passive building design, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, A (2015) Uncovering the emerging risks from climate change scenarios and related climate change risk management in the building sector in the UK, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Alzahrani, S (2015) Dynamic simulation of the impact of risk events and risk cost in KSA PPP projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Bassanino, M N (1999) The perception of computer generated architectural images, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Binsarra, F A (2016) Uncovering the structure and the dynamic of information propagation in building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Blyth, K A (2002) A computer model that forecasts the cash flow of building projects at the tender stage using stage payments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Elhag, T M S (2004) Tender price modelling: artificial neural networks and regression techniques, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture & Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Evans, R C (2002) Dynamic cash flow forecasting model for construction contractors, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Feldbauer, R R (2019) Mindful project management: a framework to enhance underperformance managing large hospital builds by incorporating principles adapted from High Reliability Organizations, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Gee, S (2019) The development of an innovative, lean, mobile factory system to manufacture timber frame closed panels in temporary locations for use in the Assembly of Houses in the Affordable Rented Sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gholami, E (2017) Exploiting BIM in energy efficient domestic retrofit: evaluation of benefits and barriers, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Gkeredakis, E (2009) Explaining the distinctiveness of coordination through an in-depth study of a major construction project, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Management School, University of Liverpool.

Hepworth, A (2021) Decision-making in immature projects organisational environment: A mental model approach that influences conscientious critical thinking, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Ibrahim, A M (2019) A method to support leadership effectiveness in a construction project organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Jervis, E (2015) Lowering CO2 emissions: a framework for overcoming institutional pressures and diffusing low carbon strategy throughout the construction supply chain, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Khodadadyan, A (2021) Living and future tools for risk assessment: an examination of the possibilities for fusion, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Kirkham, R J (2002) A stochastic whole life cycle cost model for a national health service acute care hospital building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

  • Type: Thesis
  • Keywords: construction phase; government; healthcare; hospital; occupancy; cost analysis; facilities management; forecasting; investment; life cycle; policy; project planning; running costs; service life; strategic planning; teaching; owner; stakeholders; effective
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250243
  • Abstract:
    The United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) provides a wide range of healthcare services, ranging from basic primary care to the highly specialised services provided in Acute Care N}]IS trusts. To facilitate the provision of these services, it is responsible for operating and maintaining a complex estate, ranging from Victorian era cottage hospitals to state-of-the-art acute care teaching hospital buildings. Acute care hospital buildings in particular represent a significant proportion of the overall estate stock in terms of running costs, these are generally large, high occupancy buildings, which make substantial demands on maintenance, energy and facilities management budgets. To enable stakeholders to monitor the cost effectiveness of the acute care estate, the UK Government collects data from all NHS trusts and publishes cost benchmarks with which these trusts use to measure performance. For high level strategic planning, these benchmarks are useful, but for the cost analysis of individual buildings, an alternative method is required. The information elicited from this could be vital for not only future internal capital project planning, but also for Trust level estate management. Existing practices do not facilitate a holistic assessment of the total cost ownership of individual hospital buildings, nor do they take into account the physical condition of the estate stock in the assessment of operational costs. Therefore, what is required is a framework within which these concepts can be interfaced, enabling the analyst to forecast future operational and maintenance costs mutually. Whole life cycle costing (WLCC) is widely recognised as a method by which, a holistic view of long-term costs can be taken into account. It has been used widely in the decision-making process when, for example, comparing several alternative project designs at the pre-construction phase. However, the application of WLCC techniques to existing buildings has not been attempted. The reasons for this are principally the lack of high-quality data. Notwithstanding, it is clear that WLCC techniques can inform the analyst with the detailed knowledge required to make effective future investment and budgetary decisions. Within the existing data collection framework, developing and utilising a WLCC model for an acute care hospital building is not possible. Whilst data can be obtained on costs of, for example, electricity consumption of individual buildings, other costs such as facilities management provision are collated on a trust-wide basis (costs for all buildings within the NHS Trust's estate), therefore, the data cannot be used in the WLCC analysis of individual buildings. This thesis presents a novel approach to modelling the WLCC of running and maintaining an NHS acute care hospital building by integrating these costs with the physical condition of the building. A Markov process is developed to forecast the remaining service life of the hospital building, based upon a condition survey. This is then used to determine the WLCC assessment period. For each of the WLCC centres identified, a variety of mathematical techniques are used to model the overall WLCC. A risk integrated Holt-Winters time series forecasting model is developed to predict the energy costs, and stochastic modelling techniques are used to forecast the facilities management, maintenance, financial and residual cost centres. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are then used to generate the overall WLCC. Finally, a set of performance measurement indicators are utilised to draw inference from these results. The proposed WLCC model allows the analyst to conceptualise the true overall running cost of an acute care hospital building and furthermore, the information inferred from it can help formulate future investment policy. It also allows the analyst to quantify the risk associated with the forecasts, providing distributions of costs with an associated level of certainty, as opposed to deterministic point forecasts. WLCC of various other acute care buildings can then be compared throughout the acute care estate to assess whether trusts are efficiently utilising their budgets, whilst enabling the analyst to consider the physical condition of the building within these calculations.

Kori, S i (2017) BIM business value creation for SME architectural firms in Nigeria using intellectual capital development, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Makwiranzou, C (2019) Building trust and managing risk between the client, consultant, and contractor in traditional and relational construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Management, University of Liverpool.

Morton, R R (1982) The speculative housebuilding industry in the nineteen seventies, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Munir, M (2020) Development of a building information modelling asset value realisation model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool.

Nizam Shaikh, R (2019) BIM-based investigation of total energy consumption in delivering buildings as a product, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Raimi, T (2017) Achieving customer satisfaction in a private housing organisation in Nigeria, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Salih, A (2020) Project management information system introduction: Challenges and remedies in a construction context, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Savva, C (2023) Lessons that can be learnt using action research strategies within TfL, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool (United Kingdom).

Sujan, S F (2020) A holistic and systemic model of collaboration in the AED industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Sutton, R M (2019) The development of a sustainable construction design process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Tomlinson, J (1998) A premises occupancy cost forecasting model, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , The University of Liverpool.

Wanous, M (2000) A neurofuzzy expert system for competitive tendering in civil engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool.

Wellings, F (2005) The rise of the national housebuilder: A history of British housebuilders through the twentieth century, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Xi, J (2013) Evaluating the functional performance of small-scale public demountable buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Liverpool.

Zou, Y (2017) Building information modelling and knowledge-based risk management system, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool.